BIOLOGY LECTURE ON FRUITS

    

Matured Ovary is FRUIT.As ovary ripens its outer wall becomes outer fruit wall or PERICARP.

TRUE FRUIT: It is product of ovary after fertilisation & encloses seeds in it.ex. TOMATO,ORANGE.

FALSE FRUIT: It is formation of fruit from PARIANTH or THALAMUS not true ovary also called PSEUDOCARP means false.ex APPLE.

PARTHENOCARPIC FRUIT Ovary ripens into fruit without fertilisation & seedless in BANANA.

TRUE FRUITS are of three types :

1 SIMPLE FRUIT

2 AGGREGATE FRUIT

3 MULTIPLE FRUIT

SIMPLE FRUIT

 It develops from single ovary(MONOCARPELLARY) EX DRY FRUIT one seeded or many seeded like cashew nut walnut coconut etc.                                 

   

                                 

AGGREGATE FRUIT

 It develops from two or more carpels of single flower [BI OR POLYCARPELLARY ] Apocarpous pistil [FREE OVARIES] ex. ROSE,STRAWBERRY ETC.

                                   

                                      

MULTIPLE FRUIT

 It develops from inflorescence means fruit forms from many ripened ovaries of several flowers.ex MULBERRY PINEAPPLE.

DRY FRUIT

 In this fruit outer wall is not differentiated into EPICARP,MESOCARP,ENDOCARP.Ex PEA MAIZE CORIANDER

FLESHY FRUITS 

Fruit wall is differentiated into EPICARP MESOCARP ENDOCARP..Ex MANGO TOMATO

                         

 

DRY FRUITS are of five types

1. POD develops from

 superior ,monocarpellary ovary pericarp split open along both sutures ex PEA

2. FOLLICLE Monocarpellary split open through one suture only ex CALOTROPISS

3. SILIQUA Bicarpellary,syncarpous[fused ovary]superior,split open in two valves. seed remain attached to false septum or REPLUM.Ex BRASSICA. 

  

4. SILICULA Like siliqua but very short & flattened ex CANDY TUFT.

5.  CAPSULE Syncarpous superior or inferior ovary one or more chambered Ex COTTON ,POPPY 

FLESHY FRUITS are of three main types:

1 DRUPE Outer thin epicarp middle fleshy mesocarp,stony endocarp,develop from mono or polycarpellary ex MANGO COCONUT[Fibrous drupe]

2 BERRIES Simple superior or inferior single ovary syncarpous stony endocarp exDATE[Khazoor] TRAPA.

3 POME Inferior ovary syncarpous ,thalamus becomes fleshy [PSEUDOCARP]Ex APPLE.

Other fleshy fruits are : 

4 HESPERIDIUM As in ORANGE

5 BALAUSTA AS in POMEGRANATE

6 AMPHISARCA As in BEL

In all edible portion is Meso or Endocarp.